Customer choices are both consequential and especially hard to predict in the context of partial heat pump conversions.

This post speaks to a mathematical refinement in evaluating the performance of a portfolio of heat pumps — the difference between portfolio SCOP and the average of individual SCOPs across a portfolio — a refinement that may or may not be important in the real world.

There is little data on current heat pump installation costs, but it seems clear that costs have risen substantially.

Adjustments for natural gas leaks modestly inflate both the cost and benefits of heat pump conversions.

This post takes an alternative path to the conclusion that we should think of the power generated to support heat pumps as coming mostly from natural gas, at least through roughly 2040.